Obama’s Muslim Refugee Army Set to Invade America… Or Is It?

If that series of tubes called the Internet is to be believed, President Obama is bringing 80,000 Muslim refugees into the United States to take our welfare and convert our children to Islam.  Never mind that most of the 80,000 refugees authorized to come here in FY 2011 are not from Muslim countries or that the refugee admissions numbers are consistent with those of President Bush’s administration (and lower than during President Clinton and the first President Bush’s terms).

But unfortunately, the internet is not about facts.  From his website, The Last Crusade, Paul L. Williams, Ph.D.–and he never forgets to include those three little letters after his name–screams: “Get ready for the new Muslim invasion!”  Mr.–excuse me, Dr.–Williams informs us:

President Barack Hussein Obama, in a determination letter to Congress, has announced that he will allow an additional 80,000 immigrants – – mostly from Islamic countries – – to resettle in the United States during fiscal year 2011.

OK, part of this statement is true.  Just like the presidents before him, President Obama has sent a proposal to Congress about refugee admissions for the current fiscal year.  In that proposal, the President suggests a ceiling of 80,000 refugees who can be admitted into the United States.  The number of potential refugee admissions are divided by region as follows:

Africa

15,000

East Asia

19,000

Europe and Central Asia

2,000

Latin America / Caribbean

5,500

Near East / South Asia

35,500

Undesignated

3,000

What’s false–and offensive–is Dr. Williams’s claim that the 80,000 refugees are “mostly from Islamic countries.”  This claim is false because the President’s designation does not refer to specific countries.  Rather, the designation refers to regions.  Only after needs are assessed will we know how many refugees each country will produce.  During FY 2009 (the last year I see data available), the largest groups of refugees have come from the following countries (I have listed only countries with over 1,000 refugees; for the entire list, see page 57 of the Proposed Refugee Admissions):

Country Number of Refugees Percentage of Total Refugees
Bhutan 13,452 18.02%
Burma 18,202 24.38%
Cuba 4,800 6.43%
Democratic Rep. of Congo 1,135 1.52%
Eritrea 1,571 2.10%
Former Soviet Union 1,995 2.67%
Iran 5,381 7.21%
Iraq 18,838 25.23%
Somalia 4,189 5.61%
Vietnam 1,538 2.06%

These countries account for over 90% of refugee admissions for FY 2009 and most–about 60%–of these refugees are not from Islamic” countries.  Further, even the refugees from majority Muslim countries are not necessarily Muslim.  Many refugees from Iraq and Eritrea, for example, are Christians.  So Dr. Williams’s claim about a Muslim “invasion” is patently false. 

What is so offensive about Dr. Williams’s canard is his implication that something is wrong with Muslim refugees (and Muslims in general).  To Dr. Williams, we are at war with Muslims, and anything we do to help a Muslim only hurts “us.”  He conveniently disregards our Muslim allies in the war on terror, or our own Muslim soldiers who risk their lives defending our country.  But hatred and bigotry rarely concerns itself with truth, and to Dr. Williams, the vulnerable Muslim refugees coming to our country are an invading army.  Better we should let them die in refugee camps.  And why not leave the non-Muslim refugees to die as well, for there might be Muslims among them.  To Dr. Williams, we live in an “us” vs. “them” world, where helping refugees–an act of compassion and humanity–is viewed as an act of treason.

Unfortunately, Dr. William’s lie has made its way around the internet as truth, and has been re-posted on many blogs.  People who hate Muslims and who hate President Obama seem ready to believe anything that fits their paradigm, regardless of the facts.  It’s a shame that refugees–some of the most vulnerable people on earth–are exploited by hate mongers like Dr. Williams, Ph.D.  You’d think an educated person would know better.

Russian Arms Merchant: U.S. Offered Me Asylum in Exchange for Information

The wife of alleged Russian arms smuggler Viktor Bout claims that U.S. officials offered political asylum to Mr. Bout and his family in exchange for information about international arms trafficking. 

Viktor Bout flashes a V sign while detained in Thailand: Does it stand for Victim or Villian?

According to Voice of America, Mr. Bout was extradited from Thailand to the United States after more than two-years of legal battles between Moscow and Washington.  Mr. Bout is alleged to be one of the world’s most notorious arms smugglers and is accused of fueling conflicts in Africa, the Middle East, and South America.  He was arrested in Thailand in 2008 after a sting operation in which undercover American officials claimed to be members of the FARC, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.

Alla Bout says her husband’s extradition was illegal because there was still a case against him pending in court in Thailand.  She says that transferring her husband to the United States before the end of legal procedures in Thailand breached legal and humanitarian norms, and demonstrates Bangkok’s complete subservience to Washington.

An open question is whether U.S. officials offered Mr. Bout and his family political asylum in exchange for information about arms trafficking.  Such a deal would not be unprecedented: During the Cold War, for example, a number of Soviet defectors were granted asylum in the United States, often in exchange for information about the U.S.S.R., or for propaganda purposes.  I do not know whether to believe Ms. Bout’s claim that U.S. officials offered her husband asylum in exchange for information about arms trafficking.  If the claim is true, it would appear that the United States has now chosen a stick over a carrot as a means of extracting information from the alleged arms dealer.  

On his website, Mr. Bout claims that the charges against him were fabricated by a “corrupt United Nations contractor… [who] became mad for vengeance when Victor [Bout] refused to continue paying him.”  Perhaps, but there seems to be some pretty strong evidence against him, including evidence documented in a book: Merchants of Death by Douglas Farah.  In any case, Mr. Bout’s guilt or innocence is now an issue for the United States justice system, where he faces charges such as conspiring to kill Americans and supporting a terrorist organization.

Can the Mandaeans Be Saved?

Followers of the Mandaean religion have lived in Iraq for well over 1,000 years.  However, since the U.S. invasion in 2003, Mandaeans have faced all sorts of persecution from their fellow Iraqis, including murder, kidnapping, rape, confiscation of property and forced conversion.  Their numbers have dropped from about 60,000 in the 1990’s to less than 5,000 today.  The Mandaeans have fled to Kurdistan, Jordan, Syria, the United States, and other countries. 

A Mandaean Baptism Ceremony.

While the Iraqi Mandaeans are able to resettle in other countries, the concern is that they will be disbursed throughout the world and their religion will die out. 

The end of the Mandaean religion would be a great loss.  From a New York Times article on the Mandaeans (re-posted on Red Ice Creations):

The Mandeans are the only surviving Gnostics from antiquity, cousins of the people who produced the Nag Hammadi writings like the Gospel of Thomas, a work that sheds invaluable light on the many ways in which Jesus was perceived in the early Christian period. The Mandeans have their own language (Mandaic, a form of Aramaic close to the dialect of the Babylonian Talmud), an impressive body of literature, and a treasury of cultural and religious traditions amassed over two millennia of living in the southern marshes of present-day Iraq and Iran.

Practitioners of a religion at least as old as Christianity, the Mandeans have witnessed the rise of Islam; the Mongol invasion; the arrival of Europeans, who mistakenly identified them as “Christians of St. John,” because of their veneration of John the Baptist; and, most recently, the oppressive regime of Saddam Hussein, who drained the marshes after the first gulf war, an ecological catastrophe equivalent to destroying the Everglades. They have withstood everything — until now.

The Mandaean religion is pacifistic, and followers are not allowed to carry weapons, even for self defense.  Until the 2003 war, most of the world’s Mandaeans lived in Iraq.  Now the insular community has been divided into small groups and resettled as refugees.  Such groups are too small to create sustainable communities, and the fear is that the dispersion is the beginning of the end for the Mandaeans.

In the U.S., one of the largest refugee populations of Mandaeans is in Boston, which is home to about 450 individuals.  Mandaean activists hope to resettle enough refugees there to create a sustainable community.  According to the Boston Globe, nations don’t take in refugees from just a single ethnic or religious group, and the receiving countries face capacity issues.

In this instance, the UN and the receiving countries should make a greater effort to resettle the Mandaeans in larger number in order to create sustainable communities.  If not, this ancient religion could vanish forever.

Burmese Artist Chaw Ei Thein Seeks Asylum in the U.S.

Burmese artist Chaw Ei Thein.

According to the World Policy Blog, Burmese artist Chaw Ei Thein has filed for political asylum in the United States.  Ms. Thien’s visual and performing arts have challenged the dictatorship in her country, and she faced arrest at least once for a performance art piece that her government found objectionable (the Burmese–or Myanmar–leadership is not known for its sense of humor).  Apparently, Ms. Thein has been in the United States for some time and has been receiving assistance from freeDimensional, an organization that helps exiled artists.  You can view some of Ms. Thein’s art on her blog.

I’ve always felt that there is a connection between art and exile.  Some of the earliest written literature (from ancient Sumer) are lamentations for destroyed cities.  One of my favorite musicians is Enrico Macias, an Algerian Jew who was exiled from his country during the war of independence.  On the boat ride to France, he wrote the song “Adieu mon pays” (Goodbye my country).  And a recent book by Joseph Horowitz, Artists in Exile, explores how refugees from war and revolution have transformed the performing arts in American.  So it seems Ms. Thein is in good company.

Private Asylum for Refugee Academics

A recent editorial in the science journal Nature calls for increased assistance to academics fleeing persecution.  In many parts of the world, the editorial notes, “academics and their families can face discrimination, prison, or worse, for speaking out about or studying issues that threaten dominant policies or ideologies.”  “They can also be persecuted for their politics, or for belonging to a particular ethnic group.”

The most famous refugee also had a great set of gams.

A number of organizations exist in the U.S. and abroad to assist threatened academics.  Probably the most venerable such group is CARA–the Counsel for Assisting Refugee Academics.  Founded in the UK in the 1930s to help scientists in continental Europe fleeing the Nazis, CARA supported some 1,500 academics in those dark years, 16 of whom went on to win Nobel prizes.  It currently aids around 200 refugee academics annually.  At a CARA event earlier this year, Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, summed up what is at stake: “Defending intellectual freedom is defending the possibility not only of a free academy but of a society willing to learn — and thus a society willing to see itself critically.”

In the United States, two groups that assist endangered academics are Scholars at Risk and the Scholar Rescue Fund.  Among other things, these groups protect threatened scholars by bringing them to universities in the United States and support academic freedom in countries throughout the world. 

It is interesting that these NGOs are able to circumvent the normal refugee/asylum process for the people they are assisting.  Rather than applying for refugee status abroad or seeking asylum in the United States, the academics are offered positions at host universities.  They can then travel to the U.S. (or whichever country is hosting) using a regular visa (maybe an H1-B visa or a J visa, for example) and remain in legal status while they work at the university.  Of course, once they are here, the scholars could apply for asylum if necessary.

I wonder whether this model–of private organizations bringing refugees into the country using the immigration tools at their disposal–could be applied to other groups who are ill served by our immigration laws: gay and lesbian partners of U.S. citizens, for example, or victims of domestic violence, or others who face persecution but cannot establish that the persecution is “on account of” a protected ground.  I know professors are a special category–highly educated and employable under different immigration categories.  But perhaps this type of “private political asylum” could be used to help others in need.

KIND Helps Unaccompanied Children, but Are There Unintended Consequences?

Every year, about 8,000 unaccompanied children enter the United States and are placed in removal proceedings.  Many of those children are helped by KIND–Kids in Need of Defense, a non-profit organization begun in January 2009 with a $3 million grant from Microsoft (and help from refugee maven Angelina Jolie).  Pleased with the success of the organization, which has offices in eight cities, Microsoft last month committed to another $3 million over the next three years.

According to a press release:

Since KIND became operational in January 2009, almost 1,900 children have been referred to KIND for help finding a pro bono attorney; the children range in age from two to 18 years old, and come from more than 35 countries.  KIND’s model is an innovative public-private partnership in which lawyers from firms, corporations, or private practice volunteer to represent children in immigration proceedings.

According to KIND Executive Director Wendy Young:

Many of these children are escaping severe abuse or persecution; others have been abandoned or have been trafficked to the United States.  Some are hoping to reunite with their parents.  They need and deserve representation to help them make their claim for U.S. protection.  Without representation, children with viable claims are often unable to make them and can be sent back to their home countries, where their well-being, or even their lives, may be in danger.

There is an argument to be made that granting benefits to children who cross the border illegally creates an incentive for others to follow them and make the risky journey to the United States.  And it is a dangerous trip–a group that tracks border deaths, No More Deaths, reports that over 250 people have died along the Arizona border during the last year.  Hundreds more have died trying to enter through New Mexico, Texas, and California, or at other locations on the refugee route from Central America.  I knew a prominent DHS attorney who routinely (and passionately) opposed relief for children who crossed the border illegally because he did not want to create incentives for other children.

After pedaling for many days, a border crosser gets ready to jump the fence.

While I agree that we don’t want to create incentives for children to risk their lives by crossing illegally into the United States, I doubt that assisting children with their cases does much to create such an incentive.  For one thing, many of the children are leaving pretty awful circumstances–if they were safe and happy, they would stay home.  In this context, the border crossing may be one of the least dangerous things they have to do to survive.  Also, given the large flow of people across the border (in both directions), it seems unlikely that allowing those with meritorious cases to remain here would do much to incentivize people outside the U.S.  Finally, young people are less likely to know about or be influenced by government policies.  Even if we were deported all children who enter the U.S. without inspection, I think it would do little to dissuade others who are fleeing abuse or persecution in their homelands.

If children with legitimate claims are denied–perhaps because they are unrepresented and cannot present their cases effectively–it would mean returning them to dangerous circumstances in their home countries.  Unaccompanied children who have fled to the U.S. seeking safety need help from KIND and other similar organizations.  Without KIND’s help, many of those with legitimate claims would be sent back to their countries, where they would face abuse or worse. 

With the most recent grant from Microsoft, it seems KIND will continue its life-saving work for some time to come.

The Unbearable Lightness of BIA-ing

In an average year, the  Board of Immigration Appeals decides over 35,000 cases, but publishes less than 40 decisions.  The small number of published decisions provides insufficient guidance to the nation’s Immigration Judges and results in inconsistent rulings between judges.  The lack of guidance has also contributed to the dramatic increase in immigration cases heard by the federal courts of appeals.  So instead of the law being settled by the BIA–which specializes in immigration–the various appeals courts have been interpreting the law, not always consistent with their sister circuits.

Here is how the numbers break down for the last few years: In 2009, the BIA decided 33,103 cases and published 34 decisions.  In 2008, it decided 38,369 cases and published 33 decisions.  In 2007, it decided 35,394 cases with 45 published decisions, and in 2006, it decided 41,476 cases and published 26 decisions.  So far this year, the Board has published 31 decisions.

Maybe Harry Truman could lend the BIA his famous sign.

When I was at the AILA conference last summer, we heard that published decisions require far more time and resources than unpublished decisions, but I just don’t buy it.  The BIA is authorized to have up to 15 Board Members.  It has a staff of well over 100 attorneys.  So even during their most prolific year (2007, when they published 45 decisions), each Board Member was required to write only three decisions, and each staff attorney wrote less than half of one decision.   

According to the BIA Practice Manual:

Decisions selected for publication meet one or more of several criteria, including but not limited to: the resolution of an issue of first impression; alteration, modification, or clarification of an existing rule of law; reaffirmation of an existing rule of law; resolution of a conflict of authority; and discussion of an issue of significant public interest.

It’s hard to believe that of the 30 to 40 thousand cases the Board reviews each year, only about 0.1% (one in one thousand) contain an issue that meets the above criteria.  I’ve had several cases before the BIA that involved issues of first impression, none of which were published (though two of them were published decisions by federal circuit courts).  Why is the Board passing the buck on decisions to the federal courts of appeals?

Although it might be more work over the short term, if the Board published more frequently, IJ decisions would become more consistent–creating less work for the BIA over the long term.  It would also make life easier for the federal courts of appeals, saving government resources.  Finally–and most important from my point of view–it would create more certainty and predictability for immigrants and their families. 

The BIA should embrace its role as “the highest administrative body for interpreting and applying immigration laws” and publish more decisions.

Do Immigration Lawyers Suck?

According to the EOIR website’s List of Currently Disciplined Practitioners, almost 400 immigration attorneys (397 by my count) have been seriously disciplined since 2000.  What I mean by “seriously disciplined” is suspended or expelled from the practice of law.  The list does not include attorneys who have been subjected to lesser punishments, such as “reprimands” or “admonishments,” whatever those are.

Last I heard, there were around 10,000 attorney-members of AILA, the American Immigration Lawyers Association, but it is unclear how many other attorneys practice immigration law.  Assuming (and it is a big assumption) that AILA represents 50% of all immigration attorneys; there are about 20,000 immigration attorneys nationwide.  If 400 of them had been suspended, that means that about 2% of all immigration attorneys have been seriously disciplined. 

Even these guys would have a hard time getting suspended.

Depending on your point of view, maybe 2% is a lot, or maybe it is a little.  Call me a pessimist, but if I hire someone to assist me with one of the most important endeavors in my life, and there is a 2% chance that that person is a crook, I would feel a bit uneasy.  If 2% of pilots were incompetent, I doubt many people would fly.

But my guess is that the problems are worse than the numbers reveal.  For one thing, it’s not easy to get suspended or expelled from the practice of law.  I once filed a bar complaint against an attorney for lying to my client, stealing his money, and getting him ordered deported (the complaint was a required part of the process to get the case reopened).  We had all sorts of documentation proving this attorney’s incompetence and maliciousness.  The Bar Association found that she had violated the Rules of Professional Conduct, but declined to punish her because there were “special circumstances.”  Ironically, the “special circumstances” were that she had already been punished for destroying the cases of two other people.  So, in other words, she was saved from punishment by her own prior bad acts.  It’s ridiculous, but it helps illustrate how difficult it is to get suspended.  Nevertheless, 400 of my fellow immigration attorneys have managed to do so.

Another problem is that immigrants–particularly illegal immigrants–are unlikely to report bad attorneys.  Many immigrants do not speak English and are not familiar with their rights.  They do not know how to report attorneys.  Also, they might be afraid to report attorneys. 

For these reasons, my guess is that the 400 attorneys on the EOIR list represents only a fraction of the incompetent and/or dishonest immigration attorneys who are practicing law today. 

Of course, the vast majority of immigration attorneys are caring, competent, and honest.  Most (if not all) attorneys I know have worked long hours for little or no pay to help clients in need.  Immigration law is usually not the most lucrative field, and most attorneys practice in this area because we want to help people fleeing persecution or reuniting with family or making a better life.  I do think we have a responsibility to report bad conduct when we see it, and to encourage people who have been harmed to file complaints where appropriate.  Bar associations should also be more aggressive in enforcing the rules.  In this way, we can protect our clients and improve the profession.